![]() ![]() ![]() There are many applications possible with the ZDC with the first implementation as a decoupling capacitor. ![]() To solve the limitation of the vertical connection of the surface-mounting-type capacitor to the power net area fill, a new concept of a capacitor denoted the Z-directed component (ZDC) is proposed in this paper. Finally, the cutting-edge CPPS research in China is discussed, and the potential research directions in this field are highlighted.Īn important aspect of ensuring the power integrity of a power distribution network (PDN) design is to determine the layout, value, package size, and number of decoupling capacitors. Next, the crucial problem-solving strategies are analyzed and concluded comprehensively. ![]() In particular, the applicability and characteristics of these models pertinent to specific research issues are discussed technically. First, the interactive features of CPPSs are discussed, and their modeling mechanisms are elaborately reviewed and summarized from the viewpoints of graphic, mechanism, probability, and simulation. Accordingly, this study aims to systematically summarize the interaction models and corresponding solution methods in the current CPPS research. Exploring and resolving the nature of these problems while formulating corresponding solutions will depend on the modeling methods and investigation of interaction mechanisms in CPPSs. The rapid development of the cyber infrastructure is leading to a new era of high-level intelligence revolution however, currently, CPPSs face newly emerging problems such as stability, vulnerability, reliability, and security. Owing to the advanced metering infrastructure and communication networks, modern power systems have gradually evolved into multidimensional heterogeneous cyber–physical power systems (CPPSs) with continuous coupling interactions between cyber systems and power systems. ![]()
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